Conflicts around the world are increasingly characterized by severe human rights violations, particularly impacting children and civilians. Children are disproportionately affected by violence, abductions, and forced recruitment, while the rise of non-traditional elements like insurgents, guerrillas, and cyber warfare exacerbates these issues. These non-state actors often target civilians and disrupt humanitarian efforts, complicating protection and aid. Despite decades of UN initiatives and monitoring, the situation continues to worsen, with growing instances of violations and denial of humanitarian access. Addressing these challenges requires effective strategies to both protect children in conflict zones and adapt to the evolving tactics of non-traditional combatants. This involves enhancing aid delivery, engaging with diverse actors, and developing innovative approaches to safeguard human rights in increasingly complex conflict environments. Regional variations, from gang violence in the Americas to cyber threats in Asia, further highlight the need for tailored and robust responses.